Providing comprehensive science popularization activities to the society

Upper Cave Man was discovered in 1930 in a cave at the top of Dragon Bone Mountain.It was excavated twice in 1933 and 1934. In addition to human fossils, stone tools, bone horn tools and ornaments have been found. The site is divided into four parts: the cave entrance, the upper chamber, the lower chamber and the lower cellar. The upper chamber, as a living room, contained fragments of a baby's skull, bone needles, ornaments and a few stone tools. There was also a large ash in the middle of the upper chamber. The lower chamber is the burial place, and three complete human skulls and some trunk bones were found. Judging from the skulls, they should be one male and two female. In the deepest part of the lower chamber, fossils of more than 30 mammal species, including a bear, a deer,a hyena, and a sika deer, were found.

Zhoukoudian site's vertebrate fossils are very rich, and almost covered every place.In some caves near Zhoukoudian,there were also a lot of vertebrate fossils found. The first site of Zhoukoudian Site has the largest number of animal fossils, reaches to 98 species. These fossils were buried in different layers of the sediments in the ape man cave. The excavated sediments of the ape man cave are divided into 13 layers. Fossils below the 11th layer are few. Fossils of carnivores such as saber-toothed tiger, leopard, lynx, brown bear, cave bear, Chinese hyena, Wolf, Chinese mink and red fox are found in the 10th and 11th layers, all of which are animals that appear in the forests and valleys. In addition, the fossils of the same forest animals, such as the big horned elk deer,spotted deer, and wild boar have also been unearthed.There were three-door horse and the Zhoukoudian rhinoceros which belongs to the animals living on the grassland.

In the primitive period, science and technology represented by stone tool making became the necessary conditions for primitive humans to maintain their cave life. Therefore, stone tools played a decisive role in the process of completing the transformation from apes to humans. Because the real human "labor is from the beginning of learning to make tools" (Engels: The role of labor in the process of transformation from ape to man), before learning to make tools, then labor is not real labor. Engels pointed out that the oldest tools were those of hunting and fishing. Marx and Engels said in The German Ideology: "As soon as human beings begin to produce their own means of subsistence (this step is determined by their physical organization), they begin to distinguish themselves from animals.

In February 1918, Swedish geologist Antsen came to China as a mineral administration consultant to the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce of China. He had a strong interest in collecting fossils. He came to Zhoukoudian on March 22 to collect and investigate the fossils for two days after he learned the news of the discovery from his friend. In August 1921, Swedish geologist Antsen, American paleontologist Gripp and Austrian paleontologist Shdansky discovered the site of Peking Man during their investigation in Zhoukoudian.